The limit of 16 headings means that the relative positions of both ships yours and the enemy's are extremely important when determining if you can hit the enemy at all. This is especially true at long range.
This "no hit" positioning is called a "blind zone". When two ships are positioned this way, neither can hit the other at all. As a result, correct positioning is paramount before taking any shot. It is also useful to learn how to position yourself in the Blind Zone so that the enemy cannot possibly hit you if they decide to fire. In Sid Meier's Pirates! Not only do you have the possibility to fire three different kinds of Shot , but each cannon can be fired separately and, with some skill, using a different type of Shot!
In addition, the problem of Blind Zones has been eliminated thanks to a much more analogue measure of ship headings. In the game, your only source of Cannons is through the looting of enemy ships. This is because it is now impossible to loot Cargo after a Raid on a Port , fortified or otherwise.
Unlike previous games, cannons can be acquired piece-meal I. Each cannon takes up 1 ton of cargo space. Unfortunately, cannons are extremely "cheap" when sold, normally fetching only 1 or 2 at most.
However they are sometimes sold at 4 in port that are low on cannons In some locations, cannons are sold for 0 , so watch out! In this game, the notion of a broadside is played more realistically and less rigidly than previous games.
Each cannon on the ship fires individually, creating an individual cannonball that flies on its own trajectory. The trajectory of a shot is generally perpendicular to the heading of the ship I.
This is called a "spread". Since not all cannonballs fly at the same exact direction, there will be many points of impact. The more cannons a ship has on board, the larger its "spread" will be, increasing the probability of some cannonballs hitting the target, rather than all of them missing. A ship will only fire half as many cannonballs as it has cannons on board.
This is to emulate the idea that half a ship's cannons are aimed out one side, while half are aimed out the other side. Therefore, a Ship Of The Line carrying 48 cannons will only fire 24 cannonballs with each broadside. Note however that for reloading purposes, the ship is assumed to have fired all of its cannons in each broadside.
So, if you manage to quickly turn your other side towards the enemy, you will not be able to fire a full broadside unless all cannons have been reloaded since the previous broadside.
Approximate range comparison. This schematic shows the accuracy bias obtained by Upgrading a ship with a set of Bronze Cannons. All ships are similarly affected.
In this game, it is possible for cannons to fire three different types of Shot :. Each type of Shot inflicts a different variety of damage on the enemy ship. Round-Shot is more likely to damage the enemy's hull or cannons rather than its sails or crew. Chain-Shot is very likely to hit the sails, somewhat likely to kill crew, and cannot damage cannons or the hull.
Grape-Shot will kill crew by the dozens, but does not do any other damage. For a ship to be able to fire Chain-Shot or Grape-Shot, it must have the appropriate Upgrade installed. A ship without these Upgrades cannot fire the appropriate Shot type at all.
Round-Shot is available for all ships, assuming they are carrying at least one cannon. A large "mixed" broadside. Round-Shot is visible at the bottom, about to hit the English ship. Chain-Shot is on its way, seen flying high near the center. It is possible, with some skill, to fire a single broadside with a mixture of different Shot types. This is done by switching types while the broadside is being fired!
Naturally, this can be exceptionally difficult with ships that have few cannons, as the time between the first cannonball and the last is extremely short. However, larger ships such as the Ship Of The Line have so many cannons on board that it can take half a second or more to fire all of them, giving enough time to switch shot types once or even twice!
Note that the AI is exceptionally good at this sort of tactic, and will often be seen mixing Round-Shot with Chain-Shot during close-range broadsides. By accessing our IS including any device connected to this IS you are consenting to the terms and conditions found in our User Acceptance Policy.
The information you provide us shall be used to respond and assist you with information you have requested from OAC. Salute by cannon or artillery is a military tradition that originated in the 14th century.
The gun salute, commonly recognized by many nations, is the highest honor rendered. The custom stems from naval tradition, when a warship would signify its lack of hostile intent by firing its cannons out to sea until all ammunition was spent.
The British navy developed the custom of a seven-gun salute because naval vessels typically had seven guns and possibly also due to the number seven's Biblical and mystical significance. Because greater quantities of gunpowder could be stored on dry land, forts could fire three rounds for every one fired at sea — hence the number The cannon, which still survives today, was intended to fire grapeshot and to defend the Kremlin , but was never used.
In fact, with such a large cannon, it may have been intended as a showpiece of military might and engineering from the beginning. Conventional siege artillery, such as siege towers and trebuchets, became vulnerable and obsolete with the development of large cannon and changes in fortification. However, wooden "battery-towers" took on a similar role as siege towers in the gunpowder age, such as that used at siege of Kazan in , which could hold ten large-calibre cannon and 50 lighter cannon.
As wheeled gun carriages became more common by the end of the 15th century, field artillery began to emerge. The best remedy against the latter is making a resolute attack upon it as soon as possible…" As was the case at Flodden in , the English field guns outpaced the Scottish siege artillery firing twice or even thrice as many rounds.
Most notable in this period, however, is the effect of cannon on conventional fortifications. Machiavelli wrote, "There is no wall, whatever its thickness that artillery will not destroy in only a few days". Although castles were not immediatedly made obsolete by cannon, their importance declined.
Instead of majestic towers and merlons, the walls of new fortresses were thicker and angulated, while towers became lower and stouter. Forts featuring cannon batteries were built during the Renaissance , such as the trace italienne of Italy and the Tudors ' Device Forts in England. To guard against artillery and gunfire, increasing use was made of earthen, brick and stone breastworks and redoubts , such as the geometric "Star forts" of the 17th century French Marquis de Vauban.
These soon replaced castles in Europe, and eventually castles in the Americas were superseded by bastions and forts. The lower tier of 17th century English ships of the line were usually equipped with demi-cannon — a naval gun which fired a pound solid shot.
A full cannon at this time fired a pound shot, but these were discontinued by the 18th century as they were seen as too unwieldy. By the end of the century, principles long adopted in Europe specified the characteristics of cannon of the British ship design and the types and sizes of acceptable defects. The U. Navy tested guns by measurement, proof by powder two or three firings , and using compressed water for leak detection.
The carronade was adopted by the Royal Navy in , and the lower muzzle velocity of the round shot was intended to create many more of the deadly wooden splinters when hitting the structure of an enemy vessel. It was much shorter and a third to a quarter of the weight of an equivalent long gun: for example, a 32 pounder carronade weighed less than a ton , but a 32 pounder long gun weighed over 3 tons.
The guns were thus easier to handle and also required less than half the gunpowder of long guns mounted on naval garrison carriages, allowing fewer men to crew them. Carronades were manufactured in the usual naval gun calibres , but they were not counted in a ship of the line 's rated number of guns. As a result, the classification of Royal Navy vessels in this period can mislead, since they would often be carrying more pieces of ordnance than were listed.
The Turkish cannons of the siege of Constantinople, after being on permanent display for four centuries, were used to battle a British fleet in The artillery hit a British ship with two pound cannonballs, killing 60 sailors. But in contrast to these antiquated weapons, later western guns during the 19th century became massive, destructive, more accurate, and covered a very long range - such as the American 3-inch 76 mm wrought-iron muzzle-loading howitzer used during the American Civil War with an effective range of over 1.
In the s and s, greater emphasis was placed on the accuracy of long-range gunfire, and less on the weight of a broadside. The carronade, although initially very successful and widely adopted, disappeared from the Royal Navy from the s after the development of steel, jacketed cannon by William George Armstrong and Joseph Whitworth.
Nevertheless, carronades were used in the American Civil War in the s. The practice of rifling , involving casting spiralling lines inside the barrel, was first applied to artillery in the s, giving new cannon gyroscopic stability and improving their accuracy. The superior cannon technology of Westerners in later years would bring them tremendous advantages in warfare.
For example, in the Opium War in China during the 19th century, the British battleships bombarded the coastal areas and fortifications safe from the reach of the Chinese cannon. Similarly, the shortest war on the record, the Anglo-Zanzibar War of , was brought to a swift conclusion by shelling from British battleships.
A modern cannon is a dual-purpose weapon. It can operate as a direct fire, low trajectory, high velocity weapon, firing directly at its target like a modern main battle tank.
It can also operate as a lower velocity, high trajectory, indirect fire weapon or howitzer. Since World War I , the term has been used to refer to a gun of around 20 mm to mm calibre, sometimes with an automatic loading action capable of firing explosive ammunition , an auto-cannon. Lower muzzle velocity modern artillery is used almost exclusively in the indirect fire mode, while higher-velocity cannons from 20 mm up to mm calibre are used in a direct fire mode.
Nevertheless, tanks can fire high trajectory missions and artillery cannons can fire direct fire missions if the battlefield situation calls for it. Both tank and artillery gunners are trained for these non-typical missions. The minimum calibre of a cannon, 20 mm, has been a de facto standard since World War II, when heavy machine guns of RAF fighters with 20 mm Hispano cannon and Luftwaffe with 20 mm and 30 mm cannon.
The Bofors 40 mm gun and Oerlikon 20 mm cannon are two examples largely used during World War II, and still in use today.
Most nations use these modern cannons on their lighter vehicles; typical of the type is the 25 mm 'Bushmaster' chain gun mounted on the LAV and Bradley armoured vehicles. Significant innovations have been made regarding the cannon's place in modern warfare.
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