Bayou and stream segments in the study area consist of non-tidal, tidally influenced, and tidal waters. Land in the study area is a mix of developed and undeveloped lands, including agricultural lands, prairies, wetlands and estuaries. Alterations to the natural drainage of the bayous since western settlement have had a defining effect on drainage in the study area.
Significant alterations include channel fills and cuts, levees, and wetland infill. The Galveston Bay Estuary system into which the bayous drain is one of the largest estuaries along the American coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Highland and Marchand Bayous are the priority study areas in the project area. The topography of the basin is flat, rising from sea level to an elevation of 24 feet in and around the City of Santa Fe.
Highland and Marchand Bayous originate as freshwater bayous before transitioning to estuarine conditions. Fresh water in the bayous is largely precipitation-driven overland flows.
During extended periods of little or no precipitation, flows in the bayou are observed to be stagnant or determined by tidal influence. Fresh water provided by municipal systems and groundwater wells eventually is discharged into the drainages of the bayous system. Overland flows drain areas of development and areas of natural cover. Large portions of the study area are intensely developed.
Significant areas are undeveloped, yet are disturbed from their native condition. The sea-level elevation and flat topography of the coastal basin make the study area vulnerable to flooding from runoff. The tributaries of Highland Bayou headwaters have been altered for flood management through channel straightening and widening, a responsibility of the Drainage Districts in Galveston County.
Tidal flooding frequently impacts the lower segments of the Highland Bayou watershed, even from prolonged non-tropical storm events. Habitats in the study area include marshes, wetlands, prairies, and woodlands. Development over the last hundred years—accelerating in the last couple of decades—has resulted in the loss of significant areas of habitat.
Still there are areas of prime habitat types, held by both private and public entities. The natural habitats of greatest significance to the Highland Bayou study area and for the Bay system are the tidal marshes and wetlands.
The amount and variety of life supported by these systems are thought to be among the most productive ecosystems in the world. The marshes also support species at some point in their life cycle that are of significance to commercial and recreational fishing. The acreage encompasses various habitats, including salt marsh, bay water and beach, sea-grass beds, and freshwater marsh. Over a mile of trails extend around the sea-grass nursery, the saltwater marsh, to the fresh water wetlands, and along the bay shoreline.
The conservation area is one of the largest unfragmented, single-owner, undeveloped properties of its kind on Galveston Island. Families can enjoy kayak tours, beach and surf explorations, bird walks, nature field trips and fishing clinics. Dos Vacas Muertas is a 6-acre preserve protected on three sides by salt cedar, with trees, a small fresh water pond.
The rear opens out to intertidal marshlands. This area consists of large tidal flats that cover many acres of open sand bars, grass-covered wetlands, and several miles of beaches.
The Lay of the Land T The Lay of the Land. Downtown The charming Victorian-era buildings of the Historic Downtown District beckon visitors with their ornate iron balconies and whimsical painted signs. Midtown A residential area with unique corner stores and restaurants, the area also includes the Garten Verein, Michel B. West End Known for its serene landscape, expansive shoreline and untouched wildlife, visitors can unwind in a quiet area, rent a beach house, camp on the beach or park their RV for an extended escape.
Fish Village Fish Village features homes dating back to the s, remodeled with hardwood floors and large backyards on quiet streets close to the University of Texas Medical Branch.
Cedar Lawn Cedar Lawn in central Galveston features quiet tree-lined streets and the home built by the late Galveston club and casino operator Sam Maceo. Denver Court Denver Court Historic District is located a few blocks north of the seawall and encompasses more than 30 blocks. Evia The Evia planned community includes three freshwater lakes and a nature preserve as well as a community coffee shop, located across from the Moody Gardens Golf Course on 99th Street. Nature, geography, and the environment all have a role to play in our understanding of history, and while overplaying their influence can distort the narrative, they must be taken seriously as contributing historical actors all the same.
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