I was making a project the other day where the screws I was using were buried too deep and I wanted to bring them out a little. Wood screws do not need washers in general everyday woodwork.
Screw heads are usually enough to hold pieces of timber together. Below I go into more detail about why you may want to use a washer and I will also explain why they are not necessary for most wood screws. Washers are designed to evenly distribute the load of a threaded insert such as a bolt or screw across the surface being fixed.
They come in a variety of sizes to suit different sizes of bolts or screws. Washers can also be used for spacing materials apart. This is where I commonly use washers.
When 2 pieces of wood are going to be fixed with a bolt and the joint needs to hinge , I will insert a washer. The types of woodwork we discuss on this site, are generally neat finer woodworking projects that will be on display inside your home.
For this there are a few reasons why you should not use a washer on your next woodworking project. As you can see from the above, there are many good and bad reasons for using a washer in your woodworking project. It will be up to your discretion if the benefits out-way the bad points. Firstly let me cover the type of screw or fixing you may need. This will help you decide whether a washer is right for you. Most woodworking screws have a threaded shaft with a countersunk head with ribs under the head to allow it to bury into the timber surface.
These types of screws almost never need the use of a washer as they are designed to bury into the timber and to look neat once they are in. If you attempted to use a washer for these screws the screw head would sit upon the washer and look unsightly.
As a general rule, any screw with a countersunk head is designed to be used without a washer. Some consider tab washers as a type of lock washer while others think it stands on its own. Tab washes are ideal for harsh environments and stand up to extreme heat conditions or heavy vibrations.
Used as a bushing to insulate fasteners or shafts within electronic equipment. For this reason, shoulder washers are made of non-conductive materials, such as nylon. Avoid use in humid environments. Often described as looking like a miniature dog bowl without the bottom. They allow flat or oval head countersunk screws to be installed flush with the part surface. Several different types of washers are available to suit different applications.
For example, vibration-isolating washers are designed to absorb vibrations. These components are made of a soft material, such as plastic or urethane. Occasionally, metal washers are also used as spacers to increase the distance between the parts being fastened.
Two of the most recognized washers are flat and spring washers. Looseness can result when the bearing surface sinks under the surface pressure, so using a flat washer diminishes the likelihood of this effect.
Since flat washers are generally manufactured by pressing metal, one side has rounded corners and one side has burrs. There is no fixed rule about which side should be placed up or down but placing the burred side facing down is typically ideal, and especially if bearing surface pressure is a concern.
The purpose of these washers are to increase the bearing surface of a nut or fastener head, which will in turn distribute the fasteners load while reducing heat and friction during the tightening process. They are also used as spacers and provide electric insulation in some cases.
Flat washers are most commonly used for general manufacturing, maintenance and repair type projects. The lock washer is used for fasteners that you may worry about rotating or losing friction because of vibration or torque.
These washers prevent the nuts and bolts from turning, slipping, and coming loose because of those worries. These washers are mostly used in automotive and aerospace industries because of the high vibrations. Even household appliances, like washing machines, use them. Pretty much anything that may vibrate will have some lock washers in good use.
A type of lock washer, this washer has a single tab or multiple tab notches that form to shape around the bolts and nuts. Tab washers are used in harsh environments and can last in extreme heat and vibration situations. Shoulder washers are used as a bushing to insulate fasteners or shafts within electronic equipment.
These washers are made of non-conductive materials because of this common use. This washer looks like a kitchen sink with the bottom cut off. These washers allow flat or oval head countersunk screws to be installed flush within the surface. These are often used in consumer appliances, cabinetry and furniture. This type of washer provides axial load to fasteners in case of vibration and thermal expansion to limit movement.
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