GSM was a significant improvement over the first generation of cellular networks and represented a transition from analog to digital telecommunications. GSM is currently the most widely used network technology in Internet of Things IoT applications for its simplicity, affordability, and accessibility.
When the Global System for Mobile Communications was first introduced in Europe in , these 2G networks created faster, more secure wireless connections. For the first time, voice communications became encoded into digital signals before being transmitted through the network. But today, 2G networks are significantly slower than other cellular networks, and in several countries 2G networks are being switched off. Today, billions of other devices like parking meters, industrial equipment, car entertainment systems, and security systems rely on cellular networks and use them in different ways than phones do.
As a result, specialized networks have emerged to address the modern landscape of cellular connectivity. So, are GSM standards still important for cellular connectivity today? Are they relevant to IoT applications? Each part of the network contains several components. Each TDMA frame lasts for 4. Each time slot or a physical channel within this frame lasts for microseconds and data is transmitted in the time slot in form of bursts. Although GSM or 2G communication network is still the preferred network for many subscribers, especially in developing countries like India, owing to its availability and it being economic, yet different communication technologies like Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS and Long Term Evolution LTE technologies were developed.
So, this is a basic tutorial about GSM communication network. In the last para, I have mentioned about the emerging communication network, LTE. Any information regarding this technique is welcome in the below comments.
Your email address will not be published. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Notify me of new posts by email. Electrical Technology 0 5 minutes read. Show More. Related Articles. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM network macro, micro, pico, and umbrella cells. The coverage area of each cell varies according to the implementation environment.
The time division multiple access TDMA technique relies on assigning different time slots to each user on the same frequency. It can easily adapt to data transmission and voice communication and can carry 64kbps to Mbps of data rate.
Here, it is basically a data network including a variety of units to provide the major control as well as interfacing of the entire mobile network system. The core network includes the major elements which are discussed below. And, it also provides an edge toward the public switched telephone network so that the phone calls can be connected from the network of the mobile to a phone to a landline. Interfaces to other mobile switching center server are provided to allow mobile calls to be made to mobiles over dissimilar networks.
This HLR database includes the information regarding the administrative like every subscriber with their previous identified location. Like this, the GSM network is capable to connect the calls to the related base station for the mobile switch. Even once the mobile is switched on, but not active then it again registers to make sure that the HLR network is responsive to its most recent location. There is one HLR for each network, even though it may be dispersed across a variety of sub-centers for operational causes.
The VLR includes preferred information that is received from the HLR network to allow the preferred services for the separate subscriber. The visitor location register can be executed like a separate unit; however, it is usually realized like an essential element of the MSC, before an individual unit.
The EIR Equipment Identity Register is the unit that makes a decision whether specified mobile gear may be permitted over the network. It mainly depends on the information that is held within the EIR, and the mobile device may be assigned one of 3 conditions which allowed over the network, barred access, otherwise watched in case its problems. The AuC authentication center is a protected file that includes the secret key in the SIM card of the user. These gateways control messages which are directed in dissimilar ways.
These units were the major ones that are used in the network of GSM technology. They were normally co-located, however frequently the overall middle network was transmitted around the country wherever the network was situated. In case of malfunction, it will give some flexibility. It acts as an interface between the mobile station and the network subsystem. It consists of the Base Transceiver Station which contains the radio transceivers and handles the protocols for communication with mobiles.
It also consists of the Base Station Controller which controls the Base Transceiver station and acts as an interface between the mobile station and mobile switching center. The network subsystem provides the basic network connection to the mobile stations.
GSM is a circuit-switched system that divides each kHz channel into eight 25 kHz time-slots. GSM was developed using digital technology. It has an ability to carry 64 kbps to Mbps of data rates. Presently GSM supports more than one billion mobile subscribers in more than countries throughout the world.
GSM provides basic to advanced voice and data services including roaming service.
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